There are two main causes that lead to the appearance of oral cancer: smoking and alcohol. Both contain chemical compounds that alter cellular DNA, leading to cell transformation into cancer cells. 

1. Smoking

Tobacco of any kind increases the risk of oral cancer. Smokers of cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars or pipes are at increased risk for the development of cancer in the lips, tongue or cheeks. Special tobacco products that chew or suck are also dangerous; studies show that the incidence of oral cancer is 50 times higher in people consuming such substances. 

Smoking also favors cancer in other organs such as the lungs, the liver, the pancreas or the esophagus. Research shows that 90% of people who develop these cancers are smokers.

2. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages

Over-consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of developing oral cancer; in people who smoke the risk is even greater.

3. Diet

There is evidence that a poor diet increases the risk of oral cancer. A healthy and balanced diet that contains enough fruits and vegetables is a good way to protect ourselves from the appearance of this undesirable condition.

4. Prolonged exposure to the sun

Excessive exposure to the sun increases the incidence of cancer in the lips, especially at younger ages.

5. Papillomavirus (HPV)

Papilloma Human Virus (HPV) is a family of viruses that affect the skin and wet membranes that cover various organs such as the cervix, the mouth, or the throat. The HPV infection can be transmitted through normal or oral sex, but also through close contact (skin to skin) with an already infected person.

HPV can cause uncontrolled proliferation of cells in certain tissues and is the leading cause of cervical cancer. Some researchers suggest that in the near future, HPV infection will be, along with smoking and alcohol, one of the main causes of oral cancer.

6. Recurrent lesions in the oral mucosa

The sharp edges of broken teeth or incorrectly adapted prostheses can cause persistent lesions in the mouth. There are some chances that oral cancer may develop in these areas.